Copper Pin
2010
SFP Transceivers: Everything You Never Knew
A hot-pluggable, compact optical transceiver, the Small Form-Factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver is used in optical communications for both data communications applications. The interface between a network device mother board and a fiber optic or copper cable network cable is the SFP.
The SFP transceiver is capable of supporting Gigabit Ethernet, Fiber Channel, SONET, and a number of other communications standards. In the near future, SFP is going to expand to SFP+ for your information. Including 8 Gigabit Fiber Channel, data rate at 10 Gbit/s will be possible during that time. An SFP+ module leaves some of its circuity to be implemented on the host board as compared to Xenpac or XFP type of modules which have all their circuitry inside.
The SFP transceiver has a numerous variety available, each with different transmitter or receivers. This allows the user to configure and customize the transceiver to get the proper optical reach with either a multi-node fiber or single-node fiber type. Moreover, the optical SFP module comes in four categories - SX, which is 850nm, LX, which is 1310nm, ZX, which 1550nm and DWDM. All of them have an interface of a copper cable which allows a mother board to communicate via USTP (unshielded twisted-pair) network cable. CWDM and single-node bi-directional fiber optic cables are also available; these optic cables are 1310/1490nm upstream and downstream.
Commercially available, the SFP transceiver has the capability transfer rates of up to 4.25 Gbit/s. XFP, a form factor which is practically identical to the SFP type, raises this amount by nearly three times, at 10 Gbit/s. The SFP transceiver is made compatible and specified through a multi-source agreement (MSA) between manufacturers, so that different users who may use equipment from different manufacturers and providers can work effecitively and smoothly without worrying about inconveniences and errors.
The GBIC interface is the precursor to the SFP, hence it's nicknamed as mini-GBIC. On the other hand, the SFP allows greater port density (number of transceivers per inch along the edge of a mother board) than the GBIC. There is also the identical Small Form-Factor (SFF) transceiver which is about the same size as the SFP. It is directly mounted to the mother board as a pin through-hole device, instead of being mounted into an edge-card socket.
Digital diagnostics monitoring (DDM) or digital optical monitoring (DOM) functions are supported by the modern optical SFP transceiver according to the industry standard of the SFF-8472 MSA. Because of this feature, the end user has the ability to constantly monitor real-time parameters of the SFP, such as optical input/outp power, supply voltage and laser bias current.
Those being said, it's good to know that the SFP transceiver is a very popular format that is recommended by quite a number of fiber optic component providers. These companies carry SFP transceivers for all Cisco devices together with transceiver modules for many other manufacturers. So, if you need technology solutions for your networking applications, you now what to look for.
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